PREFACE THE Traffic Library consists of twenty-five volumes. The information which it contains is both practical and authentic. It embraces the field of freight, express and parcel post rates and services, and comprehends a systematic and scientific study of the principles and problems of the second greatest industry in America — Transportation. The information is arranged in correlat…
PREFACE ALL transportation and functions of common carriers are not controlled by the Act to Regulate Commerce and other federal legislation. There are forms of transportation and corporate rights, responsibilities and duties of carriers, which do not come within the purview of the national system of regulation. The Act to Regulate Commerce was intended by Congress to afford an effecti…
Computer systems are coming of age. As computer systems become more prevalent, sophisticated, embedded in physical processes, and interconnected, society becomes more vulnerable to poor system design, accidents that disable systems, and attacks on computer systems. Without more responsible design and use, system disruptions will increase, with harmful consequences for society. They will also re…
The 1999 World Trade Organization (WTO) protest in Seattle was a defining moment in how local law enforcement manages mass demonstra- tions.Even the most memorable demonstrations, including the 1968 Democratic National Con- vention (DNC) in Chicago and the anti-war protest at Kent State University, were not organ- ized or carried out with the intent to cause injury or large-scale destruction. H…
Preface This volume represents the summed efforts of many dedicated individuals. As a representative of the Subcommittee, 1 would like to acknowledge the kind assistance rendered by some of them. Mr. Sheldon Novick, Miss Mary Wayne, and Mr. Lin Mattison edited the report, and offered valuable advice. Mrs. Kathleen Berman, Mrs. Joan Pintchuk, and Miss Robyn Knefel helped type the prepublica…
All organizations are subject to fraud risks. Large frauds have led to the downfall of entire organizations, massive investment losses, significant legal costs, incarceration of key individuals, and erosion of confidence in capital markets. Publicized fraudulent behavior by key executives has negatively impacted the reputations, brands, and images of many organizations around the globe. Regula…
Business intelligence, including reporting and analytics, is essential to an organization’s survival and growth. Understanding your data and turning it into actionable insights is the key to sustaining and growing your business. As companies recognize this need, the employees that facilitate these insights, also known as “data scientists,” are highly sought after across the board. Microso…
For-Profit Enterprise in Health Care was stimulated by concerns among members of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and others that health services—already heavily dependent on monetary transactions through prepayment and insurance—will become excessively commercialized, with growing ownership by stockholders. The issues closely associated with these concerns are examined in depth in this repo…
The health care industry is currently experiencing numerous fundamental changes. Healthcare organizations (HCOs) are increasingly challenged to look at their operations and find new opportunities to reorganize their processes, in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their services, reduce costs, be more competitive, and also provide high quality and more personalized patient car…
The American health care delivery system is in need of fundamental change. Many patients, doctors, nurses, and health care leaders are concerned that the care delivered is not, essentially, the care we should receive (Donelan et al., 1999; Reed and St. Peter, 1997; Shindul-Rothschild et al., 1996; Taylor, 2001). The frustration levels of both patients and clinicians have probably never been hi…
This book collects topics covered in introductory courses in probability delivered by the authors at the University of Florence. It aims to introduce the reader to typical structures of probability with a language appropriate for further advanced reading. The attention is mainly focused on basic structures. There is a well established tradition of studies in probability due to the wide range of…
The continued advance of the nation's space program is directly dependent upon the development and use of new technology. Technology is the foundation for every aspect of space missions and ground operations. The improvements in technology that will enable future advances are not only in device and system performance, but also in permitting missions to be carried out more rapidly and at lower c…
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to …
Computing technology is widely touted as fast moving. Generations of products and their underlying electronics are introduced at intervals of 18 to 24 months, and the number and variety of computer- and communications-based goods and services are growing. Technology and industry experts believe that the double-digit rates of improvement experienced in the last couple of decades can be sustain…
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) Bioastronautics Roadmap (BR) is “the framework used to identify and assess the risks of crew exposure to the hazardous environ- ments of space.” The BR was created to facilitate and support the successful accomplishment of the three Design Reference Missions: a one-year mission to the International Space Station, a month-long …
This report on systems integration is the second in a series of Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) reports focusing on the competitive status of the U.S. computer industry. In CSTB's initial report, Keeping the U.S. Computer Industry Competitive: Defining the Agenda (National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1990), leaders of the computing field surveyed each of the maj…
There are strong motivating factors for increased awareness and action with regard to Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). Effective ERM policies and practices are lauded to increase stakeholder confidence, competitive advantage and ultimately an organization’s long-term viability. However previous studies suggest that the concept is poorly understood in practice and organizations are failin…
The Society, at its Annual Meeting, shall elect, by ballot, a President, two Vice-Presidents, Corresponding Secretary, Recording Secretary, Treasurer, Librarian, and five Censors, who shall together constitute an Executive Committee, to whom shall be intrusted the general business of the Society when it is not in session; the appointment of all standing committees, and such other committees as …