Investor Exits, Innovation, and Entrepreneurial Firm Growth

The bursting of the dot-com bubble in 2001 coincided with an abrupt and so far lasting change in the development of entrepreneurial venture-backed firms in the United States. Previously, entrepreneurs and investors commonly took viable young firms public through initial public offerings (IPOs). In some well-known cases, these firms subsequently grew into major, globally competitive corporatio…

Copyright in the Digital Era: Building Evidence for Policy

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ISBN 978-0-309-27895

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PATENT CHALLENGES FOR STANDARD-SETTING IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in 2011 asked the Na- tional Academies’ Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) to examine and report on the role of patents in standard-setting processes in an international context. For the STEP program, this charge represented the conflu- ence of its long-standing interests in the standards system on the one hand and intellectua…

A Patent System for the 21st Century

ince its creation more than 200 years ago, the U.S. patent system has played an important role in stimulating technological innovation by providing legal protection to inventions of every description and by disseminating useful technical information about them. With the growing importance of technology to the nation’s well-being, patents are playing an even more prominent role in the economy.…

Copyright in the Digital Era: Building Evidence for Policy

Over the course of several decades, copyright protection has been expanded and extended through legislative changes occasioned by national and international developments. The content and technology industries affected by copyright and its exceptions, and in some cases balancing the two, have become increasingly important as sources of economic growth, relatively high-paying jobs, and exports. S…

Aeronautics Innovation: NASA's Challenges and Opportunities

NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) supports research and development in advanced airframe, engine, emissions, air safety, and air traffic control technologies. These diverse missions predate the creation of NASA in 1958 and have survived many changes in the industry. They are still recognized as important governmental functions by recent public bodies, such as the Commissi…