Recently, the number of social networking sites is rapidly increasing, and the number of users joining these sites is dramatically increasing as well. This paper aims at comprehensively comparing three social networking sites, and provides an in-depth analysis. We compare three of the most popular social networking sites, i.e., Facebook, Twitter and MySpace. Specifically, we evaluate those soci…
If you were in a state of cryogenic suspension for the past two decades and suddenly awoke, you would find yourself inundated with information coming from the use of cellular phones, personal computers connected to the Internet, tablets, digital music players, e-book readers, high-definition televisions, digital cameras, and a variety of other digital gadgets that have entered common households…
Computer network security is a complex technical issue. Careful research, planning, and implementation is required to ensure that an organization has undertaken "reasonable precaution" with respect to the security of confidential and private electronic information.^ This paper is an introduction to the evolving network security industry. The intent is to provide a current snapshot of this in…
Organizations capture and process data for a variety of reasons. Accounting data are used to measure the financial health and vitality of the enterprise: It is useful to internal corporate management in keeping track of how the firm is performing; it is useful to people outside the firm, such as investors interested in the firm's stock and bankers to whom the firm has applied for a loan. Rec…
Web-based communities have become important places for people to seek and share expertise. We find that networks in these communities typically differ in their topology from other online networks such as the World Wide Web. Systems targeted to augment web-based communities by automatically identifying users with expertise, for example, need to adapt to the underlying interaction dynamics. In th…
This chapter provides a (necessarily) brief introduction to computer net- working concepts. For many applications of gawk to TCP/IP networking, we hope that this is enough. For more advanced tasks, you will need deeper background, and it may be necessary to switch to lower-level programming in C or C++. There are two real-life models for the way computers send messages to each other over a netw…
Teenagers are among the most prolific users of social network sites (SNS). Emerging studies find that youth spend a considerable portion of their daily life interact- ing through social media. Subsequently, questions and controversies emerge about the effects SNS have on adolescent development. This review outlines the theo- retical frameworks researchers have used to understand adolescents a…
Even if you have never used Adobe Photoshop before, I am pretty sure you’ve heard about it. The software is so iconic it’s become a verb: to “Photoshop” a photo means to edit it in a way that bends reality. Once you get your hands on Photoshop you become an owner of a fantastically powerful image editing tool. And this is why we are writing these guides – to help make your Photoshop e…
Microsoft’s ADO.NET Entity Framework, known widely as EF, introduced out-of-the- box Object Relational Mapping to .NET and Visual Studio. Central to Entity Frame- work was the Entity Data Model, a conceptual model of your application domain that maps back to the schema of your database. This conceptual model describes the core classes in your application. Entity Framework uses this conceptual…
A context is a surround. We are all situated or positioned in particular, but changing, contexts; which means that we are surrounded. Inevitably, however, we are part of our surroundings. It is perfectly true that we often feel disconnected from our surroundings. Sometimes we are just amused, even cynical, observers; or we can feel positively detached from what is going on around us (when it re…
How do people really learn? The answers and theories are endless. They include ideas ranging from genetic imprinting to osmosis and modeling and emotional intelligence. Brain research is voluminous in the 21st century. For now, though, please ask yourself: How do I learn? Isn’t that an interesting question? And, what do you learn? Do you learn infor- mation from reading, watching videos, usin…
South–South Cooperation (SSC), through enhanced collaboration amongst the countries comprising the Global South, has often been on the front pages since early 1970s, when the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTD) promoted the New International Economic Order (NIEO). However, the birth of the Global South as an entity could perhaps be traced to a 1949 speech, when US Presi…
This book is meant to help you master programming and develop computational thinking skills. Programming and computational thinking are hands-on activities that require a com- puter with a Python integrated development environment, a pen, and paper. Ideally, you should have those tools next to you as you read this book. The book makes heavy use of small examples that use Python’s interacti…
When Google launched Google Analytics in 2005, it revolutionized web analytics. Heck, it flat out turned the entire industry on its collective head. No longer was web analytics an expensive endeavor that required a substantial investment in software. Measurement tools became irrelevant from a cost perspective, and the focus started to shift to people. In May 2007, Google gave the analytics indu…
In the past decade, networked control systems (NCSs) have attracted much attention owing to their successful applications in a wide range of areas for the advantage of decreasing the hard- wiring, the installation cost, and implementation difficulties. Nevertheless, network-related challenging problems inevitably arise due to the physical equipment constraints, the complexity, and uncertainty …
The urban renewal project is an activity to regenerate existing city areas that have become run-down. In South Korea, urban renewal is led by the government, which perceived the importance of reducing environmental burden and enhancing the efficiency of use of existing urban infrastructure (Bae et al., 2008). Managing these projects is challenging for the government because of its insuffici…
Welcome to Big Data For Dummies. Big data is becoming one of the most important technology trends that has the potential for dramatically changing the way organizations use information to enhance the customer experience and transform their business models. How does a company go about using data to the best advantage? What does it mean to transform massive amounts of data into knowledge? In this…
Information has become an essential resource for managing modern organizations. This is so because today’s business environment is volatile, dynamic, turbulent and necessitates the burgeoning demand for accurate, relevant, complete, timely and economical information needed to drive the decision-making process in order to accentuate organizational abilities to manage opportunities and threats …
Although strategic management of R&D portfolios is common practice in private sector R&D, government R&D management tends to be more discrete and ad hoc, focusing on generating maximum output from individual projects. Often, there is no clear notion of the desired public sector output.Whereas private sector R&D evaluation is generally straightforward, with the function of R&D being measured…