Risk is a quantitative evaluation of the potential damage caused by an attack, a vulnerability, or an event impacting the set of company IT assets. A vulnerability (or weakness) is a lack of a safeguard, which may be exploited by a threat, causing harm to the information systems; specifically it can be a software flaw that permits an exogenous agent to use a computer system without authorizat…
This paper reviews a number of recent surveys relevant to risk management by UK insurers. These include the results of four surveys specifically on UK insurers. Our findings suggest that the risk management practices of UK insurers are variable, generally behind best practices in adjacent sectors, and in some cases are a cause of concern. However, we also find that they have been improving sign…
The class of Lévy processes consists of all stochastic processes with stationary and independent increments; here ‘stationarity’ means that increments corresponding to a fixed time interval are identically distributed, whereas ‘independence’ refers to the property that increments corresponding to non-overlapping time intervals behave statistically independently. As such, Lévy proces…
The Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSME) strategy focuses on the core elements of the Bank’s approach towards supporting the development of MSMEs in its countries of operation. Support for MSMEs is central to the Bank’s transition mandate, and the document sets out the underlying principles of EBRD’s activities in the sector going forward. The strategy further aims to out…
A network architecture is a blueprint of the complete computer communi- cation network, which provides a framework and technology foundation for designing, building and managing a communication network. It typically has a layered structure. Layering is a modern network design principle which divides the communication tasks into a number of smaller parts, each part accomplishing a particular sub…
We can view the concept of type in many ways.Perhapstheeasiestisthattypeprovidesaguarantee of operations on data, so that the expression 42 + "life" is meaningless. Be warned, though, that the safety net is not always 100% secure. From a compiler’s perspective, a type also supplies important optimization clues, so that data can be best aligned in memory to reduce waste, and improve efficiency…
The instructor’s material that accompanies the five versions of Mankiw’s Principles of Economics, Fourth Edition textbooks address the needs of both novice and experienced instructors. To meet the needs of these two groups, this Instructor’s Manual with Solutions Manual comprises both chapter outlines and teaching tips as well as solutions to all of the questions and problems found in…
This handbook provides the growing number of people who are developing networks for social change with practical advice based on the experiences of network builders, case studies of networks small and large, local and international, and emerging scientific knowledge about “connectivity. ” It is intended to join, complement, and spur other efforts to capture and make widely available what i…