eflecting their broad interest in the health of America’s research enterprise, the National Academies launched a study in early 2000 on the implications of information technology for the future of the nation’s research university—a social institution of great importance to our economic strength, national security, and quality of life. The premise of this study was a simple one. Although t…
Handheld computers or personal digital assistants (PDAs) were launched in the marketplace in 1996. Within 18 months, these handheld devices had swept through the business community and virtually trans- formed the way people took notes and kept professional and personal cal- endars. Today, PDAs can connect to the Internet and provide a variety of services, from scouting out restaurants in the vi…
More importantly, the committee has tried in this report to provide a way of thinking about workforce issues in IT/HT that is largely indepen- dent of specific legislation. It seems safe to predict that the debate over the IT/HT workforce and immigration will not be definitively resolved by any one piece of legislation—such is the nature of controversial issues engaged by the political proce…
In Spring 1997, the National Education Goals Panel (NEGP) requested a report on standards-based reform from the Center for Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Education (the Center) of the National Research Council (NRC) and a report from the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). The request stemmed from NEGP's belief that the organizations that developed the national standards …
The idea is to provide the necessary theory on a "need-to-know" basis. In this way, readers who choose not to cover the continuous pricing theory, for example, need not deal with matters related to continuous probability. The book is organized as follows. The first chapter is devoted to the elements of discrete probability. The discussion includes such topics as random variables, independe…
The problems with banker incentives are complex, but few could argue that those who received substantial bonuses at the end of 2006 and 2007 always acted in the interests of their share- holders. In the wider world, senior bankers created a very volatile and fragile financial system that was on the verge of breaking down, saved only by generous handouts from various central banks. An accountant…
Chapter 1, Exploring and Building the Repository, discusses the major components of Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition 11g and the basics of the repository. This chapter covers how to create a blank repository and set up the three layers of the repository from the beginning. At the end of this chapter, we're going to upload the new repository and make tests by running sample analys…
Background Helping young people to avoid starting smoking is a widely endorsed public health goal, and schools provide a route to communicate with nearly all young people. School-based interventions have been delivered for close to 40 years. Objectives The primary aim of this review was to determine whether school smoking interventions prevent youth from starting smoking. Our secondary objec…
More than 250,000 women in the United States hear the diagnosis of breast cancer every year. Most women will be cured by sur- gery, which no longer means a mastectomy in many cases. Additional treatment, designed to prevent a recurrence in the breast or spread of the cancer to other areas of the body, may be recommended at the time of diagnosis. This may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy,…
American medicine defines the cutting edge in most fields of clinical research, training, and practice worldwide, and U.S.-based manufacturers of drugs, medical devices, and medical equipment are among the most innovative and competitive in the world. In large part, the United States has achieved primacy in these areas by focusing public and private resources on research in the life and physica…
Wireless. The word evokes those heady days long ago when radio ruled the entertainment world and families gathered around a console radio the size of a coffee table to marvel at a technology that emitted disembodied voices from far away
Not-for-profit organizations are among the most influential and powerful institutions in our society. They range in size from small and local to large and national—or even international. Their scope incorporates a wide range of activity: health and welfare, research, education, religion, social, and professional associations. They include foundations, membership societies, churches, hospitals…
Credit is part science, part art, and part gut-feel. The trick is to get the right mix.While there is no one absolute right way to handle the credit, collections, and accounts receivable functions, there are a few that are totally and irrefutably wrong. It is the mission of this book to identify both for the reader. For the last eight plus years, I have been lucky enough to spend my days talk…
During an influenza pandemic, healthcare workers will be on the front lines delivering care to patients and preventing further spread of the disease. Protecting the more than 13 million healthcare workers in the United States from illness or from infecting their families or the patients in their care is critical to limiting morbidity and mortality and preventing progression of a pandemic. The N…
The rapid pace of scientific discovery and technological innovation over the last several decades is unprecedented and raises the prospect of achieving dramatic improvements in the nation’s health and well-being. Yet stakeholders from across the healthcare system, from patients to practitioners to payers, are demanding fundamental improvements to a system that is seen as costly, fragmented, a…
The fundamental notion of the learning healthcare system—continuous improvement in effectiveness, efficiency, safety, and quality—is rooted in principles that medicine shares with engineering. In particular, the fields of systems engineering, industrial engineering, and operations research have long experience in the systematic design, analysis, and improvement of complex systems, notably i…
The Institute of Medicine’s Committee on Optimizing Graduate Medi- cal Trainee (Resident) Hours and Work Schedules to Improve Patient Safety evaluated the literature concerning (1) the impact of current residents’ duty hours on patient safety and (2) the relationship of hours of work and sleep to performance. The principal aim of residency training in the United States is to prepare young d…
Lack of adequate documentation is one of the largest pitfalls facing any accounting system. One of four excuses is usually given: (1) nobody reads it, (2) the hands-on approach in which each person teaches another is a better method, (3) written policies and procedures are too confining, and (4) nobody has the time to write documentation. In a constantly changing accounting world, none of t…