This text is part of the subject matter of the course on Basics of Traffic Engineering (H111) taught to the students in the Department of Civil Engineering at the Katholieke Universiteit of Leuven (Belgium). The text is intended to introduce the student to some elementary principles of transport economics and may serve as a stepping stone to more advanced courses. This is a preliminary version …
In a series of recent writings we have sought to re-open a debate over the economics of socialism. We have argued that the collapse of the Soviet system does not necessitate the conclusion that all forms of socialist economy are doomed to inefficiency. Updating and extending a line of reasoning found in Lange (1967) and Johansen (1977),1 we have claimed that modern information technology permit…
Modern web applications represent the new way to write software. Facebook, Twitter, and Wikipedia are some well-known examples of such applications. They run on servers, and users can access them with a browser via either desktop or mobile devices. We refer to these as “modern” applications because they combine a rich user interface with real-time interaction and the capability to connect w…
If I wanted my server to accept many concurrent connections, the common solution was to use threads, and soon I had created my fi rst multi-threaded TCP server. This server accessed a shared data structure, which needed to synchronize the access to all the client threads that had been spawned. Getting the synchronization fi ne-grained (to maximize resources and time) and right (to avoid deadloc…
One of the basic building blocks for managing a successful treasury department is the establishment of a comprehensive set of treasury policies. Such policies define the principal financial risks a company is facing and how these risks will be managed by the treasury department. Chapter 1 covers the process of identifying and measuring these risks. What are the typical treasury-related financia…
One of the basic building blocks for managing a successful treasury department is the establishment of a comprehensive set of treasury policies. Such policies define the principal financial risks a company is facing and how these risks will be managed by the treasury department. Chapter 1 covers the process of identifying and measuring these risks. What are the typical treasury-related financia…
Over the years, JIRA has grown from a simple bug tracking system designed for engineers to manage their projects to an all-purpose issue tracking solution. As it has matured over time, JIRA has become more than an application, it has transformed into a platform, with a suite of other products that are built on it, enabling it to adapt and deliver value to a wide variety of use cases. JIRA 6 is …
Executives and security technologists need a common understanding of web application security risks and how to find and fix them. This book provides common points of understanding to enable both groups to collaborate on building secure web application frameworks. The book translates with simplicity and brevity the technical world of threats, vulnerabilities, mitigation, prevention, and level o…
In the summer of 2005, systems administrators and security researchers from all over the world gathered in Las Vegas, Nevada for Black Hat, one of the largest computer security conferences in the world. On the morning of the first day, Michael Lynn, one of the authors of this book, was scheduled to speak about vulnerabilities in Cisco routers. These vulnerabilities were serious: an attacker cou…
Node.js and MongoDB are quickly becoming very popular tech stacks for the Web. Powered by Google's V8 engine, Node.js caters to easily building fast, scalable network applications while MongoDB is the perfect fit as a scalable, high-performance, open source NoSQL database solution. Using these two technologies together, web applications can be built quickly and easily and deployed to the clou…
In this part of the book, you discover how to create a security plan that you can use when writing applications. Having a good security plan ensures that your application actually meets specific goals and that others can discuss how to implement security with the development team. Without a good security plan in place, hackers often find easy access to the application and cause all kinds of pro…
Deciding to add security to a web application is like deciding whether to wear clothes in the morning. Both decisions provide comfort and protection throughout the day, and in both cases the decisions are better made beforehand rather than later. Just look around and ask yourself, “How open do I really want to be with my neigh- bors?” Or, “How open do I really want them to be with me?” …
To make best use of web services and SOAP, you must have a firm understanding of the principles and technologies upon which they stand. This chapter is an introduction to a variety of new technologies, approaches, and ideas for writing web-based applications to take advantage of the web services architecture. SOAP is one part of the bigger picture described in this chapter, and you'll learn how…
This book covers a vast array of information related to packetC. It is a complete language reference and contains background information on many unique parts of packetC. As packetC shares much of its grammar with C, the book focuses on being an instructional language reference and not a general C programming introduction, since extensive texts exist on that topic. Focusing the unique aspects of…
Basic network architecture and construction is a good starting point when trying to understand how communication systems function, even though the topic is a bit dull. Architectures are typically based on a model showing how protocols and functions fit together. Historically, there have been many models used for this purpose, including, but not limited to, Systems Network Architecture (SNA-IBM)…
Social applications are, by default, applications with the potential to be used by many users at the same time. I know, the first word that comes to your mind is scalability, but that is just one of the challenges you must tackle, and possibly not the hardest. Your application needs to work for almost every user who decides to give it a try, from the perspectives of usability and user experienc…
The Essential Handbook of Internal Auditing contains the same format as the original handbook and includes chapters on Corporate Governance Perspectives, Managing Risk and Internal Controls. It is only after having addressed these three interrelated topics that we can really appreciate the internal audit role. There are chapters on professional standards, audit approaches, managing internal aud…
The first step in diagnosing a network problem is to collect information. This includes collecting information from your users as to the nature of the problems they are having, and it includes collecting data from your network. Your success will depend, in large part, on your efficiency in collecting this information and on the quality of the information you collect. This book is about tools yo…
AWS is not easy; it combines skills of several different (established) crafts. It is different from traditional systems administration, and it’s not just developing a piece of software. If you have practiced one or both of these skills, all you need is to be inquisitive and open to learning. Our background is in software engineering. We are computer scientists with extensive software engineer…
We begin to jump into the PHP code within this chapter. You will learn about PHP best coding practices when it comes to performance. You will learn about constructing a faster-running for loop, how to include files using the optimal PHP function, and, most importantly, how to use and install VLD, strace, and Xdebug. Once VLD and strace are installed, you will analyze Opcode, as well as the Apac…