The term digital refers to digits or numbers; however, in the computer science lexicon, this term refers to the representation of the information in 0s and 1s, which can be read, written and stored using machines. The prefix “e” refers to electronic, meaning the use of electricity in powering machines such as computers. Digital accounting, or e-ac- counting, as a corresponding analog, refer…
National and global macro econometric modelling has had a long and venerable history in the UK, with important implications for macroeconomic policy in general and monetary policy in particular. It is an activity that involves sustained research input of several investigators with a variety of skills. The present work is not an exception and its completion has required the enthusiasm and commit…
Governments and state-owned enterprises purchase a wide variety of goods, services and public works from the private sector, from basic computer equipment to the construction of roads. Public procurement is a key economic activity of governments that represents a significant percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) generating huge financial flows, estimated on average at 10-15% of GD…
Growth performance in developing economies has recently been quite impressive. In parallel, fiscal health has improved. These factors are driving public and private spending capacity in these economies. This chapter attempts at estimating and projecting (1) public procurement outlays devoted to machinery and equipment in these economies; and (2) importations arising from these outlays. Res…
This guide provides a systematic approach for the preparation and evaluation of privately financed projects (PFPs) or services. It is intended to assist both the principal (often a public body) and the promoter (private body) at each phase of the procurement process, from inception through to financial closure. Stakeholders involved in a PFP procurement process may use the guide to gain an …
The Air Force is in the process of significantly changing the way it purchases goods and services, with the goals of reducing costs and increasing performance to better support its missions. During spring 2002, SAF/AQC developed a Procurement Transformation Strategy that outlines a roadmap for changing the Air Force’s procurement policies, processes, personnel, and related technologies t…
The most imperative challenge facing a number of managers in recent years has been to regain lost market share and secure new competitive advantages. The impetus for this trend continues to be the ubiquitous tendency toward globalization and the ensuing intensification of international competition. Customer orientation, lean management and re-engineering are the buzzwords that characterize …
An examination of the historical background to the use of procurement systems shows that in the post-war period up to the early 1970s, despite all relevant official reports and studies recommending otherwise, the majority of building work was carried out by conventional methods of procurement with only a relatively small number of projects being implemented by means of, what were then, non…
This book was written to provide an overview of the day-to-day aspects with which a portfolio manager must be concerned. Theories and essential calculations are covered, along with a practical description of what is involved in managing portfolios. This book is not designed to focus on portfolio management in either a bull or a bear market scenario. Whether markets go up or down, the essentia…
In September 2005 we organized a conference at the University of Cassino, Italy, the aim of which was to explore ‘The Keynesian Legacy in Macro- economic Modelling’. In the postwar period, macroeconomic modelling of developed economies was mainly rooted in Keynesian theory up to the 1970s, when the failure of applied models to deal with stagflation led to a shift in economic theory towards …
Keynes’s General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money is undoubtedly regarded as the most important book on economics in the twentieth century, and this view would be shared, I think, by those who are wholly opposed to its teaching as well as by its adherents. Nearly 50 years after its appearance controversy still rages around its basic ideas and prescriptions, and I do not think that a…
This book provides a detailed treatment of micro econometric analysis, the analysis of individual-level data on the economic behavior of individuals or firms. This type of analysis usually entails applying regression methods to cross-section and panel data. The book aims at providing the practitioner with a comprehensive coverage of statistical methods and their application in modern applied m…
The goal of this book is to teach the reader the basic principles of the monthly accounting process, from the first step of developing a Chart of Accounts to the last step of issuing financial statements and tax reports.