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Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes

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The continuing trend towards miniaturization of optoelectronic devices leads to fundamental physical limits of conventional silicon-based materials. The search for new concepts has moved low-dimensional carbon nanostructures into the focus of current research [1–5]. They are represented by a variety of different metallic and semiconducting materials with unique optical, electronic, and mechanical proper- ties [2, 3]. The main carbon material is graphite. It consists of multiple flat layers of sp2- hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice [6]. While the σ-bonds between the carbon atoms are very strong, the Van der Waals coupling between different layers is rather weak and can be easily broken. Therefore, graphite is a suitable material for example for pencils. In 1985, a new carbon structure named fullerene was discovered [7]. Its most common form C60 is a spherical carbon molecule with a mean diameter of 0.68nm, cp. Figure 1.1c. Since the charge carriers are spatially confined in all directions, fullerenes are zero-dimensional carbon nanostructures. For their discovery, Richard Smalley, Robert Curl, and James Heath obtained the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996.

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Publisher

: ., 2013

Collation

1-336

Language

English

ISBN/ISSN

978-3-527-65877-0

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NONE

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Subject(s)

Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes

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