Social Science
Classification and Evolution in Biology, Linguistics and the History of Science
“Darwinian” approaches to describe the development of knowledge gained wide public reception in the 1970s and 1980s, when several books about connections between biological evolution and the evolution of concepts in science were published and when corresponding ideas of leading authorities in biology and philoso- phy, like Konrad Lorenz or Karl Popper, were popularized.1 In this context Donald T. Campbell (1974) coined the term “evolutionary epistemology” in an essay about Popper’s theories of conceptual change to refer to this interdisciplinary endeavour to find generalising descriptions of knowledge development. He interpreted Pop- per’s ideas in light of metaphors borrowed from evolutionary biology and argued convincingly that the development of scientific knowledge was the result of variation, trial and error, transmission, selection, and adaptation (Campbell 1974).
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