NP-hard optimization problems exhibit a rich set of possibilities, all the way from allowing approximability to any required degree, to essentially not allowing approximability at all. Despite this diversity, underlying the process of design of approximation algorithms are some common principles. We will explore these in the current chapter. An optimization problem is polynomial time solvable …
At the end of his review of my first book, Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace, David Pogue, a brilliant writer and author of countless technical and computer-related texts, wrote this: Unlike actual law, Internet software has no capacity to punish. It doesn’t affect people who aren’t online (and only a tiny minority of the world population is). And if you don’t like the Internet’s syste…
Interest rate risk in the banking book (IRRBB) is currently part of the Basel capital framework’s Pillar 2 (Supervisory Review Process). Most jurisdictions follow this approach, which is based on the Committee’s guidance set out in the 2004 Principles for the management and supervision of interest rate risk (henceforth the IRR Principles).1 The IRR Principles lay out the Committee’s expec…
These lectures, d e l ivered by Ludwig von Mises at the Foundation for Economic Education in the summer of 1951,would not exist if not for Bettina Bien Greaves, who took them down word for word in shorthand, and who kindly made the transcriptions available to FEE. Mrs. Greaves served as a senior staff member at the Foundation for almost 50 years, until her retirement in 1999. She and her late h…
If we have done our job properly during the creation of this textbook, it will be like no other educational material that you have ever experienced. We literally set out to rethink the nature, structure, and purpose of college textbooks. Every feature that you find here was designed to enhance student learning. We want this material to be presented in a manner that is both innovative and eff…
Accounting is a business language. We can use this language to communicate financial transactions and their results. Accounting is a comprehensive system to collect, analyze, and communicate financial information. The origin of accounting is as old as money. In early days, the number of transactions were very small, so every concerned person could keep the record of transactions during a speci…
Ext JS 4 is Sencha's latest JavaScript framework for developing cross-platform web applications. Built upon web standards, Ext JS provides a comprehensive library of user interface widgets and data manipulation classes to turbo-charge your application's development. Ext JS 4 builds on Ext JS 3, introducing a number of new widgets and features including the popular MVC architecture, easily custo…
Not so long ago, data-rich web application was an oxymoron. Today, these applications are everywhere, and you need to know how to build them. Traditionally, web applications left the heavy lifting of data to servers that pushed HTML to the browser in complete page loads. The use of client-side JavaScript was limited to improving the user experience. Now this relationship has been inverted—cli…
Web users demand intuitive and responsive interfaces for tracking their finances and browsing catalogs. Unlike desktop or system applications, where interfaces are mostly built with flavors of C, C++, or Java, today’s web browsers only run JavaScript natively. But the same patterns that make graphical user interfaces successful on different plat‐ forms apply to JavaScript as well. Many comm…
An application architect is the guiding hand of a project. They help to ensure that client expectations are met, timescales are achieved, and costs are contained. While juggling these requirements, the architect must provide the foundations for a technically successful project consisting of high quality, understandable code. In Ext JS Application Development Blueprints, we'll go through the the…
The development of OAuth 1.0 reduced many of the headaches for developers and allowed them to use a single authorization technology across hundreds of APIs on the Web. However, OAuth 1.0 came with some challenges as well—cryptographic signa- tures and limited definition of how to use it for authorizing applications not using a server-to-server web application flow. I’m delighted that the st…
The Little Data Book on Financial Inclusion 2015 is a pocket edition of the Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) database published in 2015. This data set represents a second round of data collection, following the initial round three years earlier. The database provides nationally representative, demand-side data on access to and use of accounts, credit, payments, and savings by adults a…
Many educational institutions today are focused on the notion of assurance of learning , an important element of many accreditation standards. Fundamental Financial Accounting Concepts 8e is designed specifically to support your assurance of learning initiatives with a simple, yet powerful, solution. Each chapter in the book begins with a list of numbered learning objectives, which appear throu…