Why Did Europe Conquer the World

Imagine that a time machine could carry you back to the year 900 and land you anywhere on earth for an extended stay. Where would you go live? As you consider the possibilities, you might want a bit of useful advice—namely, avoid western Europe at all costs.1 Why reside there, when it was poor, violent, politically chaotic, and by almost any yard- stick, hopelessly backward? There were no ci…

E-Banking Management

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OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

Operation is that part of as organization, which is concerned with the transformation of a range of inputs into the required output (services) having the requisite quality level. Management is the process, which combines and transforms various resources used in the operations subsystem of the organization into value added services in a controlled manner as per the policies of the organizatio…

KNOWLEDGE AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

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Data Flow Diagramming by Example

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The KPMG Review Internal Control: A Practical Guide

The guidance explains that the reference to all controls in provision D.2.1 should not be taken to mean that directors should review the effectiveness of controls designed to manage immaterial risks. Rather it means that the Board should consider all types of control including those of an operational or compliance nature as well as internal financial controls. The Combined Code and the und…

PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION: DOES IT PROVIDE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE FOR A PRINTING…

The aim of this thesis was to contribute to the knowledge and understanding of product differentiation in the context of printing papers. The motivation for this thesis emerged from unsolved problems encountered when the author worked in two product differentiation projects at two different paper mills in Finland in the 1980's and 1990's. The number of non-standard printing papers such as …

Entrepreneurship Development for Competitive Small and Medium Enterprises

In the new millennium, liberalization of trade borders has accelerated the flow of goods and services in the global markets; technological advancement and scientific development have had a multiplier effect on the opportunities and choices available to consumers, thus increasing competition and putting pressure on the performance of the individual firms and businesses within economies. Undo…

COMPETENCE MANAGEMENT and HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

Organisations have faced big changes over the ¢¢ past decades brought about by trends like globalisation, technological innovation, restructuring and outsourcing. As a result, compared to their counterparts a couple of decades ago, organisations are now flatter, more flexible, more efficient, more customer oriented, more focused on short-term performance, and more distanced from their em…

Growing Farms: Successful Whole Farm Management Planning Book Think It! Write…

Growing Farms: Successful Whole Farm Management is a workshop series that enhances the success of new farmers by helping participants think through biological, physical, financial, and family aspects of farm business. The workshops include classroom and field sessions, and topics follow a natural sequence, from planning through production to long-term management. As participants progress throug…

STRATEGIC ALLIANCES & MODELS OF COLLABORATION1

The international business literature has already acknowledged a number of positive outcomes for companies actively engaged in strategic alliances, such as higher return on equity, better return on investment, and higher success rates, compared with integration through mergers and acquisitions, or companies in the Fortune 500 list that avoid building inter-corporate relationships (Booz-Alle…

A Hands-on Introduction to Business Fundamentals

One way to learn about business is to read the textbooks, learn the definitions, discuss case studies, and pass the exam. In Foundation: A Hands-on Introduction to Business Fundamentals we take a less theoretical and more hands-on approach. We’re going to learn business by managing a business. The approach makes sense for two reasons. First, business itself is practical. If there were a sing…

Sustainability and Competitive Advantage

Even as attention is increasingly paid to “going green” and to the role business can play to help solve sustainability problems, the flip side of the business-and-sustainability relationship has gone underexamined. Forget how management can affect sustainability. How will sustainability change management? The difference between the questions isn’t as subtle as it might sound. The …

EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT

Woody Allen, comedian, screenwriter, and director, once said: “Eighty percent of success is showing up.” If this was ever true, it certainly isn’t anymore. Success today requires a good bit more than good attendance. Yet, multiple studies in different countries and across industries show that employees who are passionate about their jobs and the organizations in which they work are in th…

EMPLOYMENT, EDUCATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

In today's business environment, and under the influence of globalization and advances in the field of information technology, organizations are facing increasing demands for information processing. In order to respond to the demands of the current business context, modern organization are finding the solution in creating adequate capacity and infrastructure to support the establishment of harm…

On studying the strategic planning process in large companies: Theoretical pe…

This thesis aims to contribute to strategic planning process research. Currently, practitioners as well as academics liken strategic planning with making strategy. This, however, is a fundamental misunderstanding that has further been limited by the lack of empirical investigation of the phenomenon itself. The uniqueness of this work can first be seen in its theoretical approach. This thesi…

THE BUSINESS MODEL

The paper provides a broad and multifaceted review of the received literature on business models in which we examine the business model concept through multiple disciplinary and subject-matter lenses.

Cultural Advantage for Cities An alternative for developing countries

After more than a decade Michael Porter’s book Competitive Advantage of Nations stays ahead of the other books, in particular as alternative framework from the comparative advantage idea inspired by Adam Smith. This small book is merely an alternative proposition, a postscript perhaps, to Porter’s book, with basic idea that one cannot rely merely on industrial processes alone to keep …

Creativity, Clusters and the Competitive Advantage of Cities

The article marries Michael Porter’s industrial cluster theory of traded and local clusters to Richard Florida’s occupational approach of creative and routine workers to gain a better understanding of the process of economic development. By combining these two approaches, four major industrial-occupational categories are identified. The shares of U.S. Employment in each – creative-in-…

Design Methodology and Technology: Academic Student Guide

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Entrepreneurship Skills for Growth-Orientated Businesses

Given the current economic challenges facing many countries across the globe, the notion of engendering greater entrepreneurial activity has become a prominent goal for many national governments. The relevance of entrepreneurship to economic development has been highlighted by many researchers (e.g. Davidsson et al, 2006) and it is now well-recognised that education and training opportunities p…

The Foundations of Mind: Origins of Conceptual Thought

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Strategic Analysis Tools

‘… the process of conducting research on the business environment within which an organisation operates and on the organisation itself, in order to formulate strategy.’ BNET Business Dictionary ‘… a theoretically informed understanding of the environment in which an organisation is operating, together with an understanding of the organisation’s interaction with its environment in …

Introductory Business Statistics

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Introductory Business Statistics

There are two common definitions of statistics. The first is "turning data into information", the second is "making inferences about populations from samples". These two definitions are quite different, but between them they capture most of what you will learn in most introductory statistics courses. The first, "turning data into information," is a good definition of descriptive statistics�…

Introductory Business Statistics

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the emotionally intelligent nurse leader

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Business Development for the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industry

What is ‘business development’? This is usually the first question I have to answer whenever I’m asked what I do for a living by people outside the pharmaceutical industry. The answers I try to give are oen tailored to the audience and what they are likely to quickly understand from their own experience. However, as few people have any idea that such a role exists beyond some hazy idea …

Building Competitive Advantage Through Human Capital

This paper reconsiders influence of intellectual capital on competitiveness of a company (micro- competitiveness) and national economy (macro-competitiveness). Bearing in mind that competitiveness of national economy has been dominantly defined by competitiveness of its companies, this research focuses on analysis of different aspects of intellectual capital in the light of micro-competitivenes…

From Strategy to Business Models and to Tactics

The notion of business model has been used by strategy scholars to refer to “the logic of the firm, the way it operates and how it creates value for its stakeholders.” On the surface, this notion appears to be similar to that of strategy. We present a conceptual framework to separate and relate business model and strategy. Business model, we argue, is a reflection of the firm’s realized s…