The mission of the Engineering Laboratory (EL) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is to promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness through measurement science and standards for technology-intensive manufacturing, construction, and cyberphysical systems in ways that enhance economic prosperity and improve the quality of life. To support this mission, the EL …
The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate ba…
The reader of this book is about to encounter a rare intellectual treat. Once every 20 to 25 years, a work appears on the scene that simultaneously integrates a field of knowledge and markedly advances that field. Two decades ago, such a book was Nico Frijda’s masterpiece, The emotions (1986), which was both a superlative though selective review of the literature on emotion, and a power…
The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been assessed by the Panel on Information Technology, appointed by the National Research Council (NRC). The panel of experts visited the six divisions of the laboratory and reviewed their activities. The scope of the assessment included the following criteria, provided by the Director of…
In January 2004, President George W. Bush announced new elements of the nation’s space policy by issuing the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE),1 which instructed NASA to “extend human presence across the solar system, starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations.” NASA was also directed to “develop the in…
In a sense, we know a lot more than we realize, because everything that we know has consequences logical consequences—that follow automatically. If you know that all humans are mortal, and you know that you are human, then in a sense you know that you are mortal, whether or not you have ever considered or wanted to consider that fact. This is an example of logical deduction: From the pre…
The continued advance of the nation's space program is directly dependent upon the development and use of new technology. Technology is the foundation for every aspect of space missions and ground operations. The improvements in technology that will enable future advances are not only in device and system performance, but also in permitting missions to be carried out more rapidly and at lower c…
At the request of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Academies, through its National Research Council (NRC), has since 1959 annually assembled panels of experts from academia, industry, medicine, and other scientific and engineering environments to assess the quality and effectiveness of the NIST measurements and standards laboratories, of which there are no…
The entire Crypto 101 project is publicly developed on GitHub under the crypto101 organization, including this book. This is an early pre-release of this book. All of your questions, com- ments and bug reports are highly appreciated. If you don’t understand something after reading it, or a sentence is particularly clumsily worded, that’s a bug and I would very much like to fix it! Of cou…
We introduce a strategic management perspective into the ambidexterity discussion and show that ambidexterity is a much better predictor of organizational performance than traditional strategic management concepts, specifically the concept of fit. Our main contribution lies in the combination of ambidexterity- and strategic management research where we highlight commonalities as well as dif…
You become an expert in data security not by accepting the status quo, but by probing the vulnerabilities and asking awkward questions. This book gives people the knowledge to ask the right questions (and probably the courage, as well). It also helps them to question the answers they’re given. If you’re new to Internet security, start with this book. If you’re an old hand, you probably al…
A chip seal consists of a layer of asphalt binder that is overlaid by a layer of embedded aggre- gate that furnishes, among other things, protection to the asphalt layer from tire damage and a macrotexture that creates a skid-resistant surface on which vehicles may safely pass. A chip seal’s main purpose is to seal the fine cracks in a pavement’s surface and prevent water intru- sion into …