In January 2004, President George W. Bush announced new elements of the nation’s space policy by issuing the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE),1 which instructed NASA to “extend human presence across the solar system, starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations.” NASA was also directed to “develop the in…
In a sense, we know a lot more than we realize, because everything that we know has consequences logical consequences—that follow automatically. If you know that all humans are mortal, and you know that you are human, then in a sense you know that you are mortal, whether or not you have ever considered or wanted to consider that fact. This is an example of logical deduction: From the pre…
The continued advance of the nation's space program is directly dependent upon the development and use of new technology. Technology is the foundation for every aspect of space missions and ground operations. The improvements in technology that will enable future advances are not only in device and system performance, but also in permitting missions to be carried out more rapidly and at lower c…
At the request of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Academies, through its National Research Council (NRC), has since 1959 annually assembled panels of experts from academia, industry, medicine, and other scientific and engineering environments to assess the quality and effectiveness of the NIST measurements and standards laboratories, of which there are no…
The entire Crypto 101 project is publicly developed on GitHub under the crypto101 organization, including this book. This is an early pre-release of this book. All of your questions, com- ments and bug reports are highly appreciated. If you don’t understand something after reading it, or a sentence is particularly clumsily worded, that’s a bug and I would very much like to fix it! Of cou…
We introduce a strategic management perspective into the ambidexterity discussion and show that ambidexterity is a much better predictor of organizational performance than traditional strategic management concepts, specifically the concept of fit. Our main contribution lies in the combination of ambidexterity- and strategic management research where we highlight commonalities as well as dif…
You become an expert in data security not by accepting the status quo, but by probing the vulnerabilities and asking awkward questions. This book gives people the knowledge to ask the right questions (and probably the courage, as well). It also helps them to question the answers they’re given. If you’re new to Internet security, start with this book. If you’re an old hand, you probably al…
A chip seal consists of a layer of asphalt binder that is overlaid by a layer of embedded aggre- gate that furnishes, among other things, protection to the asphalt layer from tire damage and a macrotexture that creates a skid-resistant surface on which vehicles may safely pass. A chip seal’s main purpose is to seal the fine cracks in a pavement’s surface and prevent water intru- sion into …
Asset management and performance measurement are topics of strong interest in the transporta- tion community today. NCHRP Project 20-60 looks to the strengths of both of these concepts in con- sidering what performance measures are best to apply within an asset management context. In doing this the study considers implications of several relevant trends now influencing U.S. trans- portation in…
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to …
ince its creation more than 200 years ago, the U.S. patent system has played an important role in stimulating technological innovation by providing legal protection to inventions of every description and by disseminating useful technical information about them. With the growing importance of technology to the nation’s well-being, patents are playing an even more prominent role in the economy.…
Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism, a report released by the National Academies in June 2002,1 articulated the role of science and technology in countering terrorism. That report included material on the specific role of information tech- nology (IT). Building on that report as a point of departure, the panel of experts responsible for the IT ma…
This book has been developed and expanded from materials prepared for a course delivered to Masters students in Earth Science at the Australian National University. These students had a broad range of experience and discipline base, and so from the beginning the treatment was rather general. The aim is to build an understanding of the nature of scientific research, and the way in which it …