Bell (1966) discusses marketing’s debt to systems theory, in particular to cybernetics, ‘the science of control and communication in the animal and in the machine’, first developed by Norbert Wiener. This focuses attention on marketing as part of a social system. Generally, the approach used in this text is managerialist, focused on the perspective of the firm rather than that of the …
is paper review and examine how strategic management researchers apply research methods, and what strategies use as part of the research process, to locate, organize, manage, transform, create, communicate and evaluate research tools, data and information resources. It also analyzes recent developments on research methodology to create scienti! c knowledge in theory building and practice in…
Economists have, in some sense, always known that growth is important. Yet, at the core of the discipline, the study of economic growth languished after the late 1960s. Then, after a lapse of two decades, this research became vigorous again in the late 1980s. The new research began with models of the determination of long-run growth, an area that is now called endogenous growth theory. Othe…
Over the past couple of decades, the role of the engineer in the food industry has gained considerable prominence. The food processing industry is extremely complex, diverse and evolved. With a consumer market becoming evermore sophisticated and demanding, there is a continual need for process innovation. Even allowing for the demands of the consumer for product consistency and quality, the con…
Information Assurance (IA) is the confidence that information assets will protect the information they handle and will function as they need to, when they need to, under the control of legitimate users.
Organisations have a legal and social responsibility regarding the occupational health and safety of all employees in their working environment. This requires a sound occupational health and safety management system (OHSAS) due to hazards and risks that can have a detrimental effect on employ- ees. SANS OHSAS 18001:2007 has been written to be applicable to all types and sizes of organisations. …
Risk management may be defined as the reduction and control of the adverse effects of the risks to which an organization is exposed. Risks include all aspects of accidental losses that may lead to any wastage of the organization's, society’s and environmental assets. These assets cover personnel, materials, machinery, procedures, products, money, and natural resources: soil, water, energy, na…
Organizations are increasingly using project management techniques within their operations and the specialist language of project management has become more and more commonplace in managerial and executive meetings. This trend is here to stay and it means that managers need to be familiar with project management roles, terms and processes. You will learn: How projects are defined and why …
The six chapters and its associated ten appendixes of this edition of field manual (FM) 5-0, The Operations Process, constitute the Army’s view on planning, preparing, executing, and assessing operations. Together with FM 6-0, Mission Command: Command and Control of Army Forces, this manual provides the Army with a common philosophy and language for the exercise of command and control thro…
The 1999 World Trade Organization (WTO) protest in Seattle was a defining moment in how local law enforcement manages mass demonstra- tions.Even the most memorable demonstrations, including the 1968 Democratic National Con- vention (DNC) in Chicago and the anti-war protest at Kent State University, were not organ- ized or carried out with the intent to cause injury or large-scale destruction. H…
This informational booklet is intended to provide a generic, non-exhaustive overview of a particular standards-related topic. This publication does not itself alter or determine compliance responsibilities, which are set forth in OSHA standards them- selves and the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Moreover, because interpretations and enforcement policy may change over time, for additional g…
I feel honoured to have this opportunity to write a book about the fundamental of supply chain management for the BookBoon.com Ltd and Ventus Publishing ApS. The chosen topic represents my attempt to respond to the growing demand for better understanding of supply chain management from managers, academics and graduate students alike. This book is based upon my 15 years of teaching experience g…
Regulatory requirements related to environmental management and protection of worker health and safety have become more demanding in most organizations over the past decade. While quality, environmental, health, and safety (QEHS) are each areas with specific professional bodies of knowledge, they all meet and intermesh in the daily operations of any manufacturing, processing, power ge…
Globalization, demographic changes and lack of talented employees – they all contribute to the increase in interest in managing diversity of workers’ potential. The concept of diversity management first appeared in the eighties, but nowadays it appears even more often, especially in the business, scientific and social and legal context. Diversity management (dm) is a part of the Europe…
Abstract: Cloud computing has made it possible for private companies to make rapid changes in their computing environments. However, in the public sector, security issues hinder institutions from adopting cloud computing. To solve these security challenges, in this paper, we propose a methodology for information security management, which quantitatively classifies the importance of informat…